Principles of Food Science and Nutrition | Definition, Functions, Importance
Explore the core principles of food science and nutrition, including food composition, nutrient functions, food preservation, and dietary balance. A complete guide for students and researchers
Food Science is the study of physical, chemical, and biological makeup of food and the concepts underlying food processing and preservation. Nutrition is the science of how the body uses food for growth, energy, and repair.
🔬 Core Principles of Food Science
Food Composition: Understanding carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.
Food Processing: Techniques like boiling, fermentation, drying, pasteurization, and canning.
Food Preservation: Preventing spoilage using refrigeration, salting, drying, etc.
Food Safety: Controlling microbes and contaminants through hygienic practices.
Food Additives: Substances added to improve shelf-life, taste, or color.
Food Chemistry: Study of chemical interactions in food substances.
🍽 Principles of Human Nutrition
Macronutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats — required in large amounts for energy and body functions.
Micronutrients: Vitamins and Minerals — required in small quantities but essential for metabolism and immunity.
Water: Vital for hydration, digestion, and temperature regulation.
Balanced Diet: A diet that includes all essential nutrients in right proportions.
Caloric Needs: Varies based on age, sex, activity level, and health status.
Malnutrition: Includes both undernutrition and overnutrition (obesity).
🥗 Importance of Nutrition
Supports physical and mental growth
Prevents chronic diseases like diabetes, heart disease
Strengthens immune system
Improves productivity and cognitive function
📊 Nutrient Categories Table
Nutrient Type
Examples
Primary Function
Carbohydrates
Rice, bread, sugar
Provide energy
Proteins
Eggs, pulses, meat
Body building & repair
Fats
Oil, butter, ghee
Energy storage & insulation
Vitamins
Fruits, vegetables
Regulate body processes
Minerals
Milk, leafy greens
Bone health, nerve function
Water
Drinking water, fruits
Hydration & metabolic functions
🎓 Career Opportunities
Food Technologist
Nutritionist or Dietitian
Public Health Educator
Quality Control Officer in food industry
Food Safety Auditor
Clinical Nutrition Specialist
📚 Recommended Books
Food Science by Norman N. Potter & Joseph H. Hotchkiss
Introduction to Human Nutrition by Michael J. Gibney
Nutrition Science by B. Srilakshmi
Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease by A. Catherine Ross
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